Glossary
- Adenine
- One of the nitrogenous bases of DNA. Adenine
is a purine base.
- Cell culture
- The growth of cells in a nutrient medium.
- Cleave
- To cut or split
- Clone
- To make an identical copy of or to duplicate.
- Clones
- Organisms with genetically identical DNA.
- Cytosine
- One of the nitrogenous bases of DNA. Cytosine
is a pyrimidine base.
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
- The molecule that is the building block of
life. DNA is composed of three subunits.
- Enzymes
- Proteins that speed up a chemical reaction.
- Free
Floating Nucleotides
- Nitrogenous bases of DNA that are in the
nucleus of the cell. They are not attached to anything.
- Gene Therapy
- The treatment of certain disorders by
inserting specific engineered genes into a patients cells.
- Guanine
- One of the nitrogenous bases of DNA. Guanine
is a purine base.
- Human Genome
- Approximately 100,000 genes on 46 human
chromosomes, made of about 3 billion DNA base pairs.
- Lagging Strand
- The strand of DNA that builds 3' to 5'.
- Leading strand
- The strand of DNA that builds 5' to 3'.
- Nitrogenous base
- A carbon ring structure found in DNA that
contains one or more atoms of nitrogen.
- Okazaki fragments
- Short fragments of DNA produced during DNA
replication. They are located on the lagging strand.
- Plasmid
- The small ring of DNA that can serve as a
vector (usually in bacteria cells).
- Purine
- A double-ringed, crystalline organic base
- Pyrimidine
- A single-ringed, crystalline organic base
- Recombinant DNA
- DNA produced when a cleaved DNA fragment is
incorporated into the DNA of a plasmid or virus.
- Restriction Enzyme
- Bacterial proteins that cleave DNA at
specific pints in the nucleotide sequence.
- Splice
- To cut a DNA fragment.
- Splicing
- The rejoining of cut DNA fragments.
- Thymine
- One of the nitrogenous bases of DNA. Thymine
is a pyrimidine base.
- Vector
- Any substance or organism that carries
recombinant DNA to the host cell.
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