How Can I Help My Child Become Mathematically Powerful?
Reproduced 7/2004	Early Years (K-1^st)	Middle Years (2^nd-3^rd)	Older Years (4^th-5^th)
Money	Use money to help your child: Recognize coins Count coins	Help your child: Make change Find coins that make 25 cents Save her/his own allowance by opening a passbook savings account	Help your child: Participate in making family budgets Participate in grocery shopping Begin to manage her/his allowance Decide how much allowance can buy
Counting/ Numbers	Involve counting and numbers in everyday activities: Count parts of the body Count things around the house Count past 10 Identify numbers on the elevator Identify numbers on street signs Setting the table helps build spatial sense and reinforces 1 to 1 correspondence (I need 4 plates for 4 people, for example)	Encourage your child to count by 2s, 5s, and 10s Look for patterns	Encourage your child to practice skip counting by 3s and 4s Count past 1000 (say count from 650 by 100 ≥650, 750, 850, 950, 1050≤ ä for example)
Math Facts	Help your child start to memorize single digit addition and subtraction problems starting with the doubles: 1 + 1, 2 + 2, 3 + 3, etc 5 ≠ 5, 4 ≠ 4, 3 ≠ 3, etc.	By the end of 2^nd grade your child should know addition and subtraction facts to 20 (1 + 19, 2 + 18, 10 + 10, etc.) Your child should also know addition pairs that equal 10 (1 + 9, 2 + 8, 3 + 7, 4 + 6, and 5 + 5)	By the end of 4^th grade your child should know multiplication and division facts to 12 X 12
Time	These are some of the time concepts that you can help your child learn at home: Days of the week, months of the year, seasons, minutes in an hour, hours in a day How to read a standard clock (with an hour hand and minute hand) How to schedule time (if you need to do four things, how much time will you need?)
Measure-ment	Involve your child in activities that encourage measurement like: Cooking (fractions, volume, cups, teaspoons, etc., following step-by-step instructions) Reading a thermometer (measuring body temperature and measuring temperatures outside)

Figure 23 These tips for parents span the elementary school grade range. From J. DiBrienza and K. Casey, New York City. Reprinted with permission. For more information or resources call (919) 683-1709.